1 Classic definitions of stroke are decades old and have become outdated, but modern definitions have not been formalized and officially adopted by the AHA, ASA, or any other major organization.
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The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA) published a scientific statement in 2009 to update and clarify the definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA), which in turn requires a reevaluation of the broader definition of stroke. Advances in basic science, neuropathology, and neuroimaging have improved the understanding of ischemia, infarction, and hemorrhage in the CNS. Despite its global impact, the term “stroke” is not consistently defined in clinical practice, in clinical research, or in assessments of the public health. Stroke is classically characterized as a neurological deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS) by a vascular cause, including cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. The updated definition of stroke incorporates clinical and tissue criteria and can be incorporated into practice, research, and assessments of the public health. Stroke also broadly includes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Central nervous system infarction occurs over a clinical spectrum: Ischemic stroke specifically refers to central nervous system infarction accompanied by overt symptoms, while silent infarction by definition causes no known symptoms. Central nervous system infarction is defined as brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on neuropathological, neuroimaging, and/or clinical evidence of permanent injury. The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association convened a writing group to develop an expert consensus document for an updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. The classic definition is mainly clinical and does not account for advances in science and technology. , MDon behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolismĭespite the global impact and advances in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, the term “stroke” is not consistently defined in clinical practice, in clinical research, or in assessments of the public health. Customer Service and Ordering InformationĪ Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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